The Anglo-Persian War


Scoop

By Hidari, Section Iraq-Iran-Syria
Posted on Wed Dec 02, 2009 at 02:30:47 AM EST

In our current situation vis a vis Iran, you are unlikely to be told of the long history of British subversion of the Iranian Government. Still less are you likely to be told that Iran and Britain have actually gone to war. And yet it happened.

'The Anglo-Persian War lasted between November 1, 1856 and April 4, 1857, and was fought between the United Kingdom and Persia (which was at the time ruled by the Qajar dynasty). In the war, the British opposed an attempt by Persia to reacquire the city of Herat, which was nominally part of Afghanistan (then a very loose entity) but which had been part of Persia under the Qajar dynasty. Persia ultimately agreed to surrender its claims to the city.'

'In the context of the Great Game -- the Anglo-Russian contest for influence in Central Asia -- the British wished for Afghanistan to remain an independent country friendly to Britain as a buffer against Russian expansion towards India. They opposed an extension of Persian influence in Afghanistan because of the perception that Persia was unduly influenced by the Russians. The Persians had repeatedly attempted to acquire Herat by force, most recently in 1838 and 1852; both times British opposition had convinced them to back down prior to war. They made a fresh attempt in 1856, and succeeded in taking the city on 25 October. In response, the British Governor-General in India, acting on orders from London, declared war on 1 November.....

The Persians apparently hoped that the British would not contest their acquisition of Herat -- they recognised that they could not expect to win a war against the British army -- and thus once British opposition became clear they attempted to back down. Negotiations in Constantinople between Persian ambassador Ferukh Khan and British ambassador Lord Stratford de Redcliffe ultimately broke down over British demands that the Persians replace their prime minister (the sadr-i a'zam). News of the onset of fighting resulted in a formal rupture of talks, but discussions soon began again in Paris, and the two sides signed a peace treaty on 4 March. In the treaty, the Persians agreed to withdraw from Herat, to apologise to the British ambassador on his return, to sign a commercial treaty, and to cooperate in suppressing the slave trade in the Persian Gulf; the British agreed not to shelter opponents of the Shah in the embassy, and they abandoned the demand to replace prime minister as well as one requiring territorial concessions to the Imam of Muscat, a British ally.'

< The Middle Ages and...Enter the British | The Reuters Concession >

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